Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Dogs: What it Is and How to Treat it

From growls to howls, our fur babies sometimes face a bumpy ride in the belly department. This might be due to eating your favourite sock, tummy sensitivities to a new diet, or, less commonly, Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) - uh oh!

But fear not, paw-rents! IBD is rarely a critical condition, though it does require proper (and prompt) treatment. In this guide, we’re covering the signs and symptoms of IBD in dogs, and, most importantly, how to treat it. 

Fetch some fetching tips on how to turn those tummy blues into a thing of the past.

What is Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)?

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) refers to a group of chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disorders characterized by inflammation of the digestive tract. IBD is a bit like the canine version of an upset stomach that just won't go away, and it can lead to a range of related issues.

What Causes IBD?

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The exact cause of IBD in dogs is often unknown, but it's thought to involve a combination of genetic, immune system, and environmental factors. Some other possible causes could be exposure to a parasite, a bacterial infection, or an adverse reaction to something in the dog’s diet. 

What are the Signs of IBD?

IBD can affect any part of the GI tract but most commonly involves the stomach or intestines. 

If your dog has IBD of the stomach, they may experience intense vomiting. If your dog has IBD of the intestines, they will likely have chronic diarrhea. Some dogs experience both. 

Overall, the most common signs of IBD in dogs include:

• Diarrhea
• Vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Weight loss
• Digestive discomfort

While loss of appetite is more common, some dogs actually develop a voracious appetite due to the fact that their body is unable to digest and absorb nutrients from the food they are eating. They may eat a lot more in order to compensate.

Is IBD Deadly?

In general, IBD itself is not considered deadly. However, it can significantly impact a dog's quality of life if left untreated or poorly managed. Chronic inflammation and persistent digestive issues can lead to weight loss, malnutrition, and overall discomfort for your dog.

How is IBD Diagnosed?

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IBD is usually diagnosed by a vet after ruling out other possible causes and then conducting tests like bloodwork, imaging, and/or biopsies. Obtaining tissue samples often requires general anesthesia. 

If your dog likely has IBD of the stomach or colon, tissue samples can be obtained using an endoscope. However, depending on the location and severity of the condition, your veterinarian might also suggest a full abdominal surgery. This will allow them to see the extent of the inflammation. 

If your dog has IBD of the intestines, diagnosis will necessarily require exploratory surgery, as these areas are not accessible to an endoscope. The benefit of a full exploratory surgery is that this can often provide better samples to make a diagnosis.

Additional tests that may be performed include:

• Fecal examinations to check for parasites or infections
• Imaging studies like X-rays or ultrasounds to visualize the gastrointestinal tract
• Endoscopy or colonoscopy to directly examine the lining of the digestive system and obtain biopsies

These tests help vets gather comprehensive information to confirm the diagnosis and tailor a suitable treatment plan for your pet.

How is IBD Treated?

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Treating IBD in dogs often involves dietary changes, medications to reduce inflammation, and sometimes supplements to support overall digestive health. 

Your veterinarian may recommend one or several of the following interventions:

• Dietary modifications: Your vet might recommend a specialized diet that includes novel protein sources and/or easily digestible ingredients
• Medications: Anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, and antibiotics may be prescribed to control inflammation and manage symptoms
• Nutritional supplements: Supplements like probiotics or fibre can aid in maintaining a healthy digestive balance
• Gradual diet changes: Slowly transitioning to new diets helps prevent digestive upset and allows your dog's system to adapt
• Monitoring and regular vet check-ups: Regular follow-ups with the vet help assess your dog's progress and make adjustments to the treatment plan as needed

It's a tricky situation, but with the right care, many dogs can lead happy lives despite the occasional tummy trouble. Remember, each dog is unique, so the treatment approach may vary based on individual needs and response to therapy.

How to Get a Dog with IBD to Gain Weight

If your dog has experienced significant weight loss as a result of IBD, there are a few things you can do. However, these steps should only be taken under the advice and supervision of a trusted veterinarian.

1. Consult your Vet: Before making any changes, consult your vet to ensure there are no underlying issues and to get personalized advice.
2. Dietary adjustments: Work with your vet to find a highly digestible, nutrient-dense diet suitable for dogs with IBD. Specialized prescription diets or homemade meals may be considered.
3. Treat underlying inflammation: Ensure that the IBD is well-managed with medications to address inflammation and improve nutrient absorption.
4. Small, frequent meals: Offer smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day to encourage better digestion and absorption of nutrients.
5. High-calorie supplements: Incorporate high-calorie supplements or additives recommended by your vet to boost calorie intake without increasing the volume of food.
6. Monitor progress: Regularly weigh your dog and track their progress. Adjust the feeding plan as needed based on weight changes and overall well-being.
7. Address stress: Minimize stressors in your dog's environment, as stress can exacerbate digestive issues. Provide a calm and comfortable living space.

Remember, weight gain should be gradual and monitored closely to ensure it's a healthy increase. Always follow your vet's guidance for the best results!

Caring for a Pet with IBD

With proper veterinary care, including medication, dietary changes, and monitoring, many dogs with IBD can lead fulfilling lives. The key is early detection and a consistent management plan tailored to the individual dog's needs. 

Getting pet insurance before any signs of IBD helps to ensure you're ready to handle the costs of diagnosing and treating unexpected conditions. In fact, Furkin will reimburse you for up to 80% of your total eligible expenses to help you and your finances bounce back! Financial need should not be a blocker to getting the best care for your pup. 

When in doubt, always consult with your vet to ensure the best treatment plan for your fur baby!

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